This provided the environment for establishing the. Early warning and contingency planning for disaster preparedness in kenya. Michael crozier has sent out to provide answers to a. Landslides occur often due to the earth quakes, floods and volcanic activities and in turn may lead to subsequent hazards. Studies of landslides are made with the aim of finding a costeffective and rational technical solutions for the recovery and stabilization. It would include what are natural disasters, priority of occurrence of natural disasters, some thing about sri lanka and natural disasters in sri lanka. Landslides are a type of mass wasting, which denotes any downslope movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity. Jul 11, 20 landslides may be caused either by natural process or human activity or combination of both. Of all the worlds landslides, 30 per cent occur in the himalaya, according to a south asian association for regional cooperation saarc study on the causes and consequences of natural disasters in the region and the protection and preservation of the environment. Impact of landslides and innovative landslidemitigation measures. It is a geographical phenomenon, including wide range of ground movement, when the shear stress exceeds the shear strength of the materials. Request permission export citation add to favorites track citation.
They can accompany heavy rains or follow droughts, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions. Landslides can be triggered by both natural and maninduced changes in the environment. Increased amounts of rainfall are primarily related to climate changes, which according to united nations framework convention would have negative consequences in the future. Of them landslides is the most common and conspicuous environmental hazard. Debris increases damage because flow can cause flooding by blocking valleys and stream channels, forcing large amounts of water to backup. Morphologic effects are part of a general tendency of surface degradation by mass wasting and erosion. What are the effects and consequences of landslides. The abiotic consequences of a landslide are then discussed see chapter 4 for biotic consequences, with our focus on sediment, rock, and organic matter movement, as well as postlandslide erosion. This is expected to have consequences both at the local scale i. Slope movement in general is a major process of the geologic environment that places.
Impacts of anthropogenic and environmental factors on the. Human activity causes increase in landslides india. Landslides in kenya have been on the increase in the recent past. That was basically due to the lack of maintenance of the drainage. The origins and causes of landslides bright hub engineering.
To remain totally uncommitted and unbiased, i accepted no. The pir panjal range a group of mountains situated in the inner himalayan region is no longer left untouched by the development fever depicting the consequences of the same in the form of landslides, soil erosion, climate change and loss of biodiversity. Introduction much has been written on the impacts of landslides on the total environment, including effects on people, their homes and possessions, farms and livestock, industrial establishments and other structures, and lifelines. The political economy of landslides and international aid. The severity of damage depends on the affected populations resilience. Landslides tend to bury all that is their way, resulting in destruction of life and property. Gem mining is another maninduced cause, carelessly abandoned quarries, often results in unexpected earth slips. Damage to houses, roads and other structures are among. The geologic history of an area, as well as activities associated with human occupation, directly determines, or contributes to the conditions that lead to slope failure. A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Landslides generally happen where they have occurred in the past, and in identifiable hazard locations.
Landslides caused due to ignorance case studies from. They usually include debris slides, debris flow, and failures of road cutslopes. Varnes and iaeg 1984 defined landslides as almost all varieties of mass movements on slope including some such as rock falls, topples and debris flow that involve little or no. Social impact the thredbo landslide resulted in a very severe social impact on the community. Summarising the growing body of literature on the ecological consequences of landslides, this book provides a framework for the promotion of ecological tools in predicting, stabilising, and restoring biodiversity to landslide scars at both local and landscape scales.
Areas that are prone to landslides include existing old landslides, the bases of steep slopes, the bases of drainage channels, and developed hillsides where leachfield septic systems are used. Landslide causes and triggering mechanisms highland, l. Jan 01, 2018 landslides happen when the soil gets too cloggy with the absorption of water. Landslides processes, prediction, and land use roy c.
Causes and consequences of certain landslides in republic. The soil absorbs more moisture than it can retain and hence turns into a semi liquid form viscous. Landslides affect the following elements of the environment. Interrelationship of landslides with other natural hazardsthe multiple hazard effect. Earthquake shaking and other factors can also induce landslides underwater. However, few authors have discussed the effects of. Perhaps the most common trigger of a landslide, water reduces the friction between the bedrock and the overlying sediment, and gravity sends the debris sliding downhill. Landslide is an important geological hazard that causes damage to natural and social environment. But by adopting certain precautionary measures impact can be minimized.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Pdf environmental impact of landslides researchgate. Debris flows, also known as mudslides, are a common type of fastmoving landslide that tends to flow in channels. The concept of landslide is dealt by many authors differently. Impact of landslides and innovative landslidemitigation. Landslides are downward and outward movement of a part of a slope that can comprise rocks, sand or debris. Chapter 3 physical causes and consequences for landslide ecology. Landslides may be caused either by natural process or human activity or combination of both. Sliding can be catastrophic and can have serious consequences especially in populated areas. The causes of landslides are usually related to instabilities in slopes.
The basic causes of slope instability are fairly well known. International journal for disaster management and risk reduction 11. In many cases, modifications in hill slopes are carried out with or without proper slope stability analysis, even though the consequences are well known. The landslide handbook a guide to understanding landslides. A landslide is primarily a combination of several geological processes that include earth movements like extensive slope failure, rocks falling, and debris flow. Landslides occur in a variety of environments, characterized by either steep or gentle slope gradients, from mountain ranges to coastal cliffs or even underwater, in which case they are. Primary causes of landslides 129 o geomorphic factors. The term landslide includes a wide variety of mass movements that result in the downward and outward movement of slope forming materials like rocks, soils, artificial fills or any combination of these, under the influence of gravity. This severely affects the towns and villages that lie in the region. Chapter 3 physical causes and consequences for landslide. This has social, economic, and environmental impacts, mainly loss of life, agricultural land, and crops and destruction of infrastructure. Landslides can be initiated in slopes already on the verge of movement by rainfall, snowmelt, changes in water level, stream erosion, changes in ground water, earthquakes, volcanic activity, disturbance by human activities, or any combination of these factors. A landslide is any geologic process in which gravity causes rock, soil, artificial fill or a combination of the three to move down a slope.
Landslides impact the earths natural environment, including effects on 1 the. The landslide handbooka guide to understanding landslides. While landslides are considered naturally occurring disasters, humaninduced changes in the environment have recently caused their upsurge. A landslide in which the sliding surface is located within the soil mantle or weathered bedrock typically to a depth from few decimeters to some meters is called a shallow landslide. Landslides are major natural disaster which frequently occur in central himalayan region chr and affect life of human as well as animals, damage agriculture and impedes progress. Gravitational forces force these down the hills or mountains. Kerala floods is an ongoing crisis of humankind created by humankind. The difference between these two concepts is subtle but important. Causes, effects and types of landslides earth eclipse. Landslides are caused by disturbances in the natural stability of a slope. Additionally, landslides and flooding are associated with each other, both are related to intense rainfall, runoff and ground saturation. H wikipedia citation please see wikipedias template documentation for further citation fields that may be required. Environment, development and sustainability, crossref. Objective of this chapter is to present all the literature available related to landslides and its impact to socio environment.
The term landslide encompasses five modes of slope movement. The threat of landslides like this have made the long drive to wenchuan a risky affair for rescuers and aid delivery teams as they tried to reach the epicenter of the wenchuan, china, earthquake of. Landslides occurring as single large blocks of rock moving slowly down slope. Oct 17, 20 landslide is an important geological hazard that causes damage to natural and social environment. Pdf environmental impact of landslides lynn highland. The water could be delivered in the form of a rainstorm, melted snow and ice, or a glacier melted by lava flow. Landslides often occur in areas with oversteepened slopes, weak soilsbedrock, or devegetated slopes whether by human deforestation or natural. Slides can cause disastrous flooding, particularly when landslide dams across streams are breached, and flooding may trigger slides.
Natural hazards like floods, volcanic eruptions, earth quakes or landslides can occur simultaneously or trigger one or more of the others. Literature on the impacts of landslides environmental. Theyre set off by water and dont necessarily occur during eruptions. Landslides impact the earths natural environment, including effects on 1 the morphology of the earths subaerial and submarine surfaces. Landslides and slope instability cause problems in many parts of the world. Landslides are triggered by one event, but many causes can weaken slopes over time and make them more likely to fail when there is a triggering event.
Although the causes of landslides are wide ranging, they have 2 aspects in common. Pdf economic and social impacts of landslides lynn. Use the link below to share a fulltext version of this article with your friends and colleagues. It is usually possible to identify one or more landslide causes and one landslide trigger. These ground movements may take place in a coastal, offshore, or far onshore environment. This paper describes the impacts of unplanned urban expansion and land surface change in the city of bamenda in cameroon, the underlying causes and the ecological and social implications. Directly or indirectly natural disasters affect our environment and. At first, there was a fear that there was a second landslide to come. Landslide, environment, morphology, bioengineering, mitigation 1. Causes, consequences and environment, by michael j. A landslide occurs when stability conditions of the slope is disturbed either by the increase. A narrower range of cn ratio was found in the one to sixyearold dumps as compared to the nine to ten yearold dumps. Relationship of landslides with other natural hazards. Landslides are the cause of several adverse effects on many environmental elements such as a change in the topography surface.
Pdf this work refers to an extended sector of adriatic central italy. Cause and effects of landslides environmental sciences essay. Landslides in bududa district, their causes and consequences. Heavy rains, deforestation and mining are all causes of landslides. This report is intending to discuss some problems related to landslide causes and landslide remedial measures as resulted from the work of unesco wpwli working group on causes of landslides and iugs wgl commission on landslide remediation in the framework of the united nations international decade for natural disaster reduction 19902000. Several precautions were taken as a result as they began to build alpine way with a much more suitable filling not landfill. Landslides occur when masses of rock, earth, or debris move down a slope. The term landslide or less frequently, landslip, refers to several forms of mass wasting that include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, deepseated slope failures, mudflows, and debris flows. Landslides occur when gravity overcomes the force of friction. Landslides happen when the soil gets too cloggy with the absorption of water.
Several things can trigger landslides, including the. Lahars are powerful landslides that originate on the slopes of volcanoes. Michael crozier has sent out to provide answers to a number of the basic questions which are asked about landslides, and to provide a critical. Landslides that occurred during intense rainfall are the result of geological processes and human impacts on the geological environment in order to adapt to human needs.